3 Module 3: Methods
Methods
Carlos C. Goller
Module Overview
In this module, we will identify and learn more about the methods used in this study. You will learn about the techniques used to study malaria and Delftia tsuruhatensis, and how they were applied to address the research questions of the study.
Module Learning Objectives
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this module, you should be able to:
- Identify the research methods used by the authors.
- Summarize the methods in the introduction of the article.
- Discuss the advantages and limitations of one method used in this study.
Module To-Do List
Module To Do List
During this module, you will complete the following items:
- Review the background on the research methods provided in our Delftia Book before our first session for this module.
- Complete the in-class activity and submit it individually before the end of this module.
- Create a graphical representation of the methods to submit before the end of this module.
Return to the Article and Focus on the Methods
Review the methods of this published peer-reviewed article in the prestigious scientific journal Science.
Huang, Wei, Janneth Rodrigues, Etienne Bilgo, José R. Tormo, Joseph D. Challenger, Cristina D. Cozar-Gallardo, Ignacio Pérez-Victoria et al. “Delftia Tsuruhatensis TC1 Symbiont Suppresses Malaria Transmission by Anopheline Mosquitoes.” Science, (2023). Accessed September 8, 2025. https://doi.org/adf8141.
Which methods were used by the researchers?
Exercises
Select two of the methods used and perform web searches to learn more. Then summarize your findings.
- Why is this method useful for this study and research?
- What are some disadvantages or limitations of this method?
- How are samples prepared, and what data are generated using this method?
Why are these methods important?
Are these methods appropriate for the study? What limitations do these approaches have?
Consider what samples/specimens are needed, sample processing, and data generated.
Summarize one technique used.
Returning to the C.R.E.A.T.E. Approach
- C – Consider: Before reading the article, we analyze the title, authors, and abstract to formulate a preliminary idea of the study. We then create a concept map or draw a diagram of what they already know about the topic, listing any unfamiliar terms.
- R – Read: We read the full article, paying close attention to the details of the experimental setup and methods. We define unfamiliar vocabulary and create drawings or flowcharts to visualize the experimental design.
- E – Elucidate the hypotheses: We identify the specific research questions and hypotheses that the study aims to address. This involves a critical comparison of the paper’s stated hypotheses with the actual outcomes and results.
- A – Analyze and interpret the data: This is a key step where scholars intensely scrutinize the figures and data tables. They analyze the results to form their own interpretation, comparing it with the authors’ conclusions.
- T – Think of the next Experiment: Based on their understanding of the article, scholars propose new, related experiments that could logically follow the study. They may debate these ideas in a “grant panel” style exercise with peers, which highlights the creative and open-ended nature of scientific research.
Exercise
Consider the C.R.E.A.T.E. method and what you know about the study. Which techniques need to be in your cartooning of the methods?
- Which graphic will you use to depict each technique?
- How will you depict the input needed for the techniques?
- How will you depict the output needed for the techniques?
Reflect
References
Huang, Wei, Janneth Rodrigues, Etienne Bilgo, José R. Tormo, Joseph D. Challenger, Cristina D. Cozar-Gallardo, Ignacio Pérez-Victoria et al. “Delftia Tsuruhatensis TC1 Symbiont Suppresses Malaria Transmission by Anopheline Mosquitoes.” Science, (2023). Accessed September 10, 2025. https://doi.org/adf8141.
