• acid anhydride
  • acid halide
  • acyl phosphate
  • amide
  • carboxylic acid derivative
  • chain-growth polymer
  • ester
  • Fischer esterification reaction
  • lactam
  • lactone
  • nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction
  • saponification
  • step-growth polymer
  • thioester

Summary of Reactions

  • Reactions of carboxylic acids (Section 21.3)
  • Conversion into acid chlorides

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  • Conversion into esters

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  • Conversion into amides

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  • Reduction to yield primary alcohols

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  • Reactions of acid chlorides (Section 21.4)
  • Hydrolysis to yield acids

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  • Reaction with carboxylates to yield anhydrides

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  • Alcoholysis to yield esters

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  • Aminolysis to yield amides

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  • Reduction to yield primary alcohols

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  • Grignard reaction to yield tertiary alcohols

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  • Diorganocopper reaction to yield ketones

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  • Reactions of acid anhydrides (Section 21.5)
  • Hydrolysis to yield acids

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  • Alcoholysis to yield esters

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  • Aminolysis to yield amides

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  • Reactions of esters (Section 21.6)
  • Hydrolysis to yield acids

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  • Reduction to yield primary alcohols

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  • Partial reduction to yield aldehydes

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  • Grignard reaction to yield tertiary alcohols

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  • Reactions of amides (Section 21.7)
  • Hydrolysis to yield acids

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  • Reduction to yield amines

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