Lab 17: Review
Review Videos
Carnivore cranial nerves (Spradley) – 19 min
Carnivore cranial nerves (Gerard) – 28 min
Ungulate cranial nerves – 16 min
Surface brain structures – 31 min
Surface brain structures – 21 min
Transverse brain slices – 43 min
Transverse brain slices – 30 min
Interactive Review Content:
Terms
Printable PDF Terms List 2024
Labs 11/12
| Terms | Species |
| Olfactory n. (CN I) | ID the olfactory bulb, but we won’t identify a single “olfactory n.” |
| Olfactory bulb | All |
| Cribiform plate | Canine skull |
| Optic n. (CN II) | All |
| Optic canal | Canine skull |
| Periorbita | All; fibrous tissue that surrounds the extraocular mm. |
| Oculomotor n. (CN III) | Carnivore |
| Orbital fissure | Canine skull; transmits CNs III, IV, ophthalmic br. of V, and VI |
| Ciliary ganglion | Carnivore |
| Dorsal rectus m. | All |
| Ventral rectus m. | All |
| Medial rectus m. | Know that it is innervated by CN III, but we will not identify it. |
| Ventral oblique m. | Know that it is innervated by CN III, but we will not identify it. |
| Trochlear n. (CN IV) | Know the muscle it innervates (dorsal oblique m.) |
| Trigeminal n. (CN V) | We will ID branches, not the trigeminal n. as a single nerve. |
| Ophthalmic n. (V1) | Know what region of the face it innervates, but do not identify |
| Maxillary n. (V2) | All |
| Round foramen | Canine skull |
| Alar canal | Canine skull |
| Infraorbital n. | All |
| Cornual nn. | Goat |
| Maxillary foramen | Identify on skull |
| Infraorbital canal | Identify on skull |
| Infraorbital foramen | Identify on skull |
| Mandibular n. (V3) | All |
| Auriculotemporal n. | All |
| Buccal n. | Carnivore |
| Lingual n. | Carnivore |
| Inferior alveolar n. | Carnivore |
| Mylohyoid n. | Carnivore |
| Mandibular foramen | Identify on skull |
| Mandibular canal | Identify on skull |
| Mental foramina | Identify on skull |
| Abducent n. (CN VI) | Carnivore |
| Lateral rectus m. | All |
| Retractor bulbi m. | Carnivore |
| Facial n. (CN VII) | Understand, but we don’t see the facial n. by itself (just its branches, see below) |
| Dorsal buccal br. | All |
| Ventral buccal br. | All |
| Auriculopalpebral n. | All |
| Pterygopalatine ganglion | All |
| Platysma m. | Carnivore; pig |
| Orbicularis oris m. | All |
| Buccinator m. | Carnivore |
| Orbicularis oculi m. | All |
| Levator nasolabialis m. | All |
| Levator labii superioris m. | Ungulates |
| Vestibulocochlear n. (CN VIII) | Understand, don’t identify |
| Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX) | All |
| Tympano-occipital fissure | Canine skull; transmits CNs IX, X, and XI |
| Vagus n. (CN X) | All |
| Distal ganglion of vagus | All |
| Cranial laryngeal n. | All; innnervates cricothyroideus m. |
| Caudal laryngeal n. | Know what muscle it innervates (CAD m.), but do not identify |
| Vagosympathetic trunk | All |
| Accessory n. (CN XI) | All |
| Hypoglossal n. (CN XII) | All; innervates tongue, follows lingual artery rostrally |
| Sympathetic trunk | Understand as component of vagosympathetic trunk |
| Cranial cervical ganglion | All; last opportunity for sympathetic fibers to synapse with post-ganglionic partner cranially |
Lab 13
| Terms | Notes |
| Meninges | |
| Dura mater | |
| Arachnoid membrane | |
| Pia mater | |
| Falx cerebri | |
| Dorsal sagittal sinus | |
| Subarachnoid space | |
| Cerebellomedullary cistern | |
| Gyrus | |
| Sulcus | |
| Cerebral cortex | |
| Ventricular system | Ventricular system best identified in midsagittal plane |
| Lateral ventricles | |
| Third ventricle | |
| Mesencephalic aqueduct | |
| Fourth ventricle | |
| Cerebrum | |
| Longitudinal fissure | |
| Cerebral hemispheres | |
| Transverse fissure | |
| Frontal lobe | |
| Cruciate sulcus | |
| Parietal lobe | |
| Temporal lobe | |
| Occipital lobe | |
| Olfactory bulb | |
| Piriform lobe | |
| Cerebellum | |
| Vermis | |
| Folia | |
| Cerebellar peduncles | |
| Arbor vitae | Best seen in midsagittal plane |
| Tentorium cerebelli | |
| Brain stem | |
| Mammillary bodies | |
| Optic chiasm | |
| Optic tract | |
| Lateral geniculate body | |
| Medial geniculate body | |
| Rostral colliculus | |
| Caudal colliculus | |
| Crus cerebri | |
| Pons (ventral metencephalon) | |
| Transverse pontine fibers | |
| Pyramids | |
| Decussation of pyramids | Understand, don’t identify |
Lab 14
| Terms | Notes |
| Telencephalon | |
| Longitudinal fissure | |
| Olfactory bulb | |
| Hippocampus | |
| Corpus callosum | |
| Internal capsule | |
| Cerebral cortex | |
| Corona radiata | |
| Caudate nucleus | |
| Lateral ventricles | |
| Diencephalon | |
| Thalamus | |
| Interthalamic adhesion | |
| Lateral geniculate body | |
| Medial geniculate body | |
| Mammillary bodies | |
| Optic chiasm | |
| Optic tract | |
| Hypothalamus | |
| Third ventricle | |
| Mesencephalon | |
| Tectum | |
| Rostral colliculus | |
| Caudal colliculus | |
| Tegmentum | |
| Red nucleus | Know region in which it’s found, don’t identify directly |
| Oculomotor nucleus | Know region in which it’s found, don’t identify directly |
| Parasympathetic nucleus of CN III | Know region in which it’s found, don’t identify directly |
| Trochlear nucleus | Know region in which it’s found, don’t identify directly |
| Reticular formation | Know region in which it’s found, don’t identify directly |
| Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) | Know region in which it’s found, don’t identify directly |
| Fourth ventricle | |
| Mesencephalic aqueduct | |
| Metencephalon | |
| Ventral metencephalon (i.e., pons) | |
| Transverse pontine fibers | |
| Reticular formation | Understand region in which it’s found, don’t identify directly |
| Dorsal metencephalon | |
| Vermis | |
| Folia | |
| Arbor vitae | |
| Cerebellar peduncles | |
| Myelencephalon | |
| Pyramids | |
| Vestibular nuclei | Know region in which it’s found, don’t identify directly |
| Facial nucleus | Know region in which it’s found, don’t identify directly |
| Nucleus of CN IX and X (nucleus ambiguus) | Know region in which it’s found, don’t identify directly |
| Hypoglossal nucleus | Know region in which it’s found, don’t identify directly |
| Reticular formation | Know region in which it’s found, don’t identify directly |
| Parasympathetic nuclei of CNs VII, IX, and X | Know region in which it’s found, don’t identify directly |
Lab 16
| Terms | Notes |
| External ear | |
| Pinna (auricle) | |
| Auricular cartilage | |
| Marginal cutaneous pouch | The “tick pouch” |
| External ear canal | |
| Horizontal part | |
| Vertical part | |
| Annular cartilage | |
| Tympanic membrane | |
| Eye adnexa | Adnexa [L] = “joined to” |
| Superior palpebrae | |
| Levator palpebra superioris m. | Innervated by CN III |
| Inferior palpebrae | |
| Palpebral fissure | |
| Medial/lateral palpebral commissure (canthus) | |
| Palpebral conjuctiva | |
| Bulbar conjuctiva | |
| Conjuctival fornix | |
| Conjuctival sac | |
| Third eyelid (plica semilunaris) | |
| Superficial gland of the third eyelid | Understand, don’t identify |
| Periorbita | |
| Extraocular mm. | |
| Medial rectus m. | Innervated by CN III |
| Lateral rectus m. | Innervated by CN VI |
| Dorsal rectus m. | Innervated by CN III |
| Ventral rectus m. | Innervated by CN III |
| Dorsal oblique m. | Innervated by CN IV |
| Ventral oblique m. | Innervated by CN III |
| Retractor bulbi m. | Innervated by CN VI |
| Lacrimal gland | |
| Tear drainage pathway | Understand, don’t identify |
| Dorsal/ventral lacrimal puncta → Dorsal/ventral lacrimal ducts → Lacrimal sac → Nasolacrimal duct → Rostral opening of the nasolacrimal duct | |
| Bulbus oculi | |
| Fibrous tunic | |
| Cornea | |
| Sclera | |
| Limbus | |
| Vascular tunic | |
| Iris | |
| Constrictor pupillae m. | Innervated by parasympathetic fibers of CN III |
| Dilator pupillae m. | Innervated by sympathetic fibers |
| Iridocorneal angle | |
| Lens | |
| Zonular fibers | Only present if lens remains attached |
| Ciliary body | |
| Ciliary processes | Understand, don’t identify |
| Choroid | |
| Tapetum lucidum | |
| Nervous tunic | |
| Retina | |
| Optic disc | |
| Fundus | Know what is seen during a typical fundic exam |
| Anterior chamber | |
| Aqueous humor | |
| Posterior chamber | |
| Vitreous chamber | |
| Vitreous humor |