Lab 1 Dog

A. Middle nasal meatus

B. Common nasal meatus

Lab 1 Goat & Horse

A. Pharyngeal septum

B. Nasopharyngeal opening of the auditory tube

Lab 1 Clinical application

B – Atheroma.  This is a type of epidermal cyst that grows in the nasal diverticulum.

Lab 2 Dog larynx

A. Thyroid cartilage

B. Laryngeal ventricle

Lab 2 horse larynx

A. Cricothyroid ligament

B. Thyroid notch

Lab 3 clinical case

This horse is having sinoscopy performed, with the endoscope passed through a hole made into the paranasal sinuses. Based on the location of the entry point, which paranasal sinus is the endoscope entering (review figures of paranasal sinus anatomy).

A – frontal sinus; B – rostral maxillary sinus; C – caudal maxillary sinus; D – dorsal conchal sinus; E – sphenopalatine sinus.

Answer = C-caudal maxillary sinus. To enter the caudal maxillary sinus the portal is made about 2 cm rostral to the rim of the orbit and 2 cm ventral to the line joining the medial canthus and the infraorbital foramen on that side (which approximates the nasolacrimal duct pathway).

Lab 3 Clinical case

This is an endoscopic view of a horse’s nasopharynx, looking caudally towards the larynx. This horse has a history of sudden onset profuse nasal hemorrhage (epistaxis), that slowed after a few minutes, and the horse was referred on emergency for work up. From what opening is the blood exiting?

A – the laryngopharynx and start of the esophagus
B – the entrance to the larynx
C – the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube
D – the nasomaxillary opening.

Answer = C – the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube

Lab 3 Sinus

A. Conchofrontal sinus

B. Palatine sinus

Lab 3 exam

A. Medial retropharyngeal lymph node

B. Lateral compartment of the guttural pouch

Lab 5 cat lung

A. Basal border of the lung

B. Diaphragmatic parietal pleura

Lab 5 Pleura

A. Thoracic inlet

B. Plica vena cava