Lab 9A: Review
Learning Objectives
- Review the unit learning objectives.
Review videos
Lab 1
Dog pharynx & pharyngeal muscles – 10 min, watch until 11:30
Ungulate pharynx – 11 min
Dog salivary glands – 5 min
Activity – Build Your Own Larynx
Lab 3
Horse teeth – 43 min
Lab 5
Peritoneum, omentum and ligaments w/ Dr. Gerard – 21 min
Peritoneum, omentum and stomach w/ Dr. Walker – 7 min, watch until 17 min
Cat stomach – 2 min, watch until 2 min
Carnivore liver and bladder ligaments – 5 min, watch until 29 min
Lab 6
Dog Duodenal papilla, small intestine, cecum, large intestine, pancreas – 8 min, watch until 24:30
Cat abdominal cavity – 15 min, watch until 17
Lab 7
Dog abdominal vasculature – 28 min, watch until 35 min
Cat abdominal vasculature – 31 min
TERMS
Lab 1
| Term | Species/Notes |
| Parotid sg. | All |
| Parotid duct | All |
| Mandibular sg. | All |
| Monostomatic sublingual sg. | Carnivore |
| Sublingual caruncle | All |
| Sublingual mucocele (ranula) | Caused by damage to mandibular and/or monostomatic sublingual sgg.; treatment includes marsupialization |
| Zygomatic sg. | Carnivore; there may not be much of this gland left to identify in many cadavers |
| Oral cavity | All |
| Vestibule | All |
| Hard palate | All |
| Soft palate | All |
| Palatoglossal arches | All |
| Palatopharyngeal arches | All |
| Tongue | All |
| Apex; body; root | All |
| Lyssa | Carnivore |
| Lingual tonsil | Horse; ruminant |
| Torus linguae | Ruminant |
| Fossa linguae | Ruminant |
| Muscles of mastication | Innervated by mandibular n. (CN V3) |
| Masseter m. | All |
| Temporalis m. | All |
| Pterygoid mm. | Carnivore |
| Digastricus m. | All; also innervated by facial n. (CN VII) |
| Occipitomandibularis m. | Horse; part of digastricus m. in horse |
| Lingual muscles | Innervated by hypoglossal n. (CN XII) |
| Styloglossus m. | Plastinated models |
| Hyoglossus m. | Plastinated models |
| Genioglossus m. | Plastinated models |
| Muscles of hyoid appartus | |
| Sternohyoideus m. | Plastinated models |
| Thyrohyoideus m. | Plastinated models |
| Geniohyoideus m. | Carnivore cadaver heads and Plastinated models |
| Mylohyoideus m. | Carnivore cadaver heads and Plastinated models |
| Oropharynx | All |
| Palatine tonsils | All |
| Tonsils of the soft palate | Pig |
| Nasopharynx | All |
| Nasopharyngeal opening of auditory tube | Carnivore; Horse; Ruminant |
| Intrapharyngeal ostium | Horse |
| (Dorsal) Pharyngeal recess | Horse |
| Laryngopharynx | All |
| Piriform recess | All |
| Pharyngoesophageal limen | All |
| Pharyngeal diverticulum | Pig |
| Pharyngeal muscles | Innervated by glossopharyngeal n. and vagus n. (CNs IX and X) |
| Hyopharyngeus m. | Plastinated models |
| Thyropharyngeus m. | Plastinated models |
| Cricopharyngeus m. | Plastinated models |
| Esophagus | All |
Lab 3
| Terms | |
|---|---|
| Crown | |
| Root | |
| Furcation | |
| Neck | |
| Alveolar bone | |
| Enamel | |
| Dentin | |
| Cementum | |
| Periodontal ligament | |
| Pulp cavity | |
| Pulp | |
| Anisognathism | |
| Incisor | |
| Canine | |
| Premolar | |
| Molar | |
| Permanent dental formulae of all species | |
| Vestibular surface | |
| Labial surface | |
| Buccal surface | |
| Lingual surface | |
| Palatine surface | |
| Mesial surface | |
| Distal surface | |
| Occlusal surface | |
| Carnassials | (know which teeth comprise the carnassials) |
| Hypsodont | |
| Brachydont | |
| Wolf teeth | Horse |
| Diastema = Interdental or interproximal space | |
| “Bars of mouth” | Horse |
| Infundibulum | |
| Galvayne’s groove | Horse |
| Dental star | Horse |
| Enamel spot | Horse |
| Dental pad | Ruminant |
| Tusks | Pig |
| Needle teeth | Pig |
Lab 5
| Term | Species/Notes |
| Peritoneal cavity | Carnivore |
| Parietal peritoneum | Carnivore |
| Transversalis fascia | Carnivore |
| Connecting peritoneum | Carnivore |
| Mesoduodenum | Carnivore |
| Mesojejunum | Carnivore |
| Mesocolon | Carnivore |
| Greater omentum | Carnivore |
| Superficial leaf | Carnivore |
| Deep leaf | Carnivore |
| Omental bursa | Space between superficial and deep leaves |
| Epiploic foramen | ID; know boundaries |
| Lesser omentum | Carnivore |
| Falciform ligament | Carnivore |
| Round ligament of the liver | Carnivore; free edge of falciform lig. |
| Umbilical vein | Fetal structure which degenerates to round lig. of liver |
| Median ligament of bladder | Carnivore |
| Spleen | Carnivore |
| Diaphragm | Carnivore |
| Left and right crus | Carnivore |
| Esophageal hiatus | Carnivore |
| Aortic hiatus | Carnivore |
| Caval foramen | Carnivore |
| Liver | Carnivore |
| Right medial lobe | Carnivore |
| Right lateral lobe | Carnivore |
| Quadrate lobe | Carnivore |
| Caudate lobe | Carnivore |
| Caudate process | Carnivore |
| Papillary process | Carnivore |
| Renal impression | Carnivore |
| Left medial lobe | Carnivore |
| Left lateral lobe | Carnivore |
| Gallbladder | Carnivore |
| (Common) bile duct | Carnivore |
| Major duodenal papilla | Identify in the duodenum |
| Stomach | Carnivore |
| Greater curvature | Carnivore |
| Lesser curvature | Carnivore |
| Fundus | Carnivore |
| Body | Carnivore |
| Pylorus | Carnivore |
| Pyloric sphincter | Ring of muscle separating stomach from duodenum |
Lab 6
| Term | Notes (This lab is exclusively focused on the carnivore) |
| Duodenum | |
| Mesoduodenum | Mesentery of the duodenum |
| Descending duodenum | Oral section of the duodenum |
| Ascending duodenum | Aboral section of the duodenum |
| Duodenojejunal flexure | Where duodenum transitions to jejunum |
| Duodenocolic fold | Connecting mesentery b/n duodenum and descending colon |
| Major duodenal papilla | Found inside lumen of duodenum; where bile and pancreatic ducts secrete |
| Minor duodenal papilla | Found inside lumen of duodenum; where accessory pancreatic duct secretes |
| Jejunum | |
| Mesojejunum | Mesentery of the jejunum |
| Mesenteric lymph nodes | Typically found within mesojejunum |
| Ileum | |
| Ileocolic orifice | Opening between ileum and large intestine |
| Antimesenteric ileal artery | Found on antimesenteric side of ileum; useful indicator for length of ileum (very short in feline) |
| Pancreas | |
| Left lobe | |
| Right lobe | |
| Pancreatic duct | Do not identify; know that it dumps into duodenum via major duodenal papilla |
| Accessory pancreatic duct | Do not identify; know that it dumps into duodenum via minor duodenal papilla |
| Cecum | |
| Cecocolic orifice | Opening between cecum and ascending colon |
| Ileocecal fold | Connecting mesentery between ileum and cecum |
| Colon | |
| Mesocolon | Mesentery of colon |
| Ascending colon | Most oral section of colon; found on right side of root of mesentery |
| Right colic flexure | Transition from ascending colon to transverse colon |
| Transverse colon | |
| Left colic flexure | Transition from transverse colon to descending colon |
| Descending colon | Found of left side of root of mesentery |
Lab 7
| Term | Notes (All structures exclusively found in the carnivore in this lab) |
| Cranial abdominal a. | Supplies craniodorsal abdominal body wall |
| Cranial epigastric a. | Supplies cranioventral abdominal body wall |
| Cranial superficial epigastric a. | |
| Deep circumflex iliac a. | Supplies caudodorsal abdominal body wall |
| Caudal epigastric a. | Supplies caudoventral abdominal body wall |
| Lumbar aa. | |
| Celiac a. | |
| Left gastric a. | |
| Hepatic a. | |
| Hepatic brr. | |
| Right gastric a. | |
| Gastrodoudenal a. | |
| Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a. | |
| Right gastroepiploic a. | |
| Splenic a. | |
| Short gastric aa. | |
| Left gastroepiploic a. | |
| Cranial mesenteric a. | |
| Middle colic a. | |
| Right colic a. | |
| Ileocolic a. | |
| Colic br. of ileocolic a. | |
| Cecal a. | |
| Mesenteric ileal a. | |
| Antimesenteric ileal a. | |
| Caudal pancreaticoduodenal a. | |
| Jejunal aa. | |
| Ileal aa. | |
| Phrenicoabdominal a./v. | |
| Adrenal gland | Be able to identify adrenal gland in situ |
| Renal aa. | |
| Ovarian aa. | Female only |
| Testicular aa. | Male only; courses caudally through deep inguinal ring |
| Caudal mesenteric a. | |
| Left colic a. | |
| Cranial rectal a. | |
| (Hepatic) Portal vein |