Lab 14: Review
Learning Objectives
- Recall and identify structures as listed in the unit lab guide.
- Compare foundational alimentary anatomy to recognize similar features in different species.
Review Videos
Lab 10:
Horse and pig stomach – 8 min
Ruminant greater omentum – 3 min
Ruminant stomach (models) – 17 min
Ruminant stomach (cadaver & model) – 4 min
Lab 12:
In this short series of videos, Dr. Hudson describes how each ungulate species modified the “dog plan” of their gastrointestinal tract (GIT) layout.
- Horse GIT modifications – 8 min
- Ruminant GIT Modifications – 6 min
- Pig GIT Modifications – 4 min
Large intestine models:
- Horse large intestine – 17 min
- Ruminant and pig large intestine – 7 min
- Cow spiral colon cadaver and model – 4 min
Lab 13:
Right side fresh horse topography – 5 mins – Please note, this is a freshly euthanized animal at necropsy, and not all parts of the duodenum are visible to be discussed.
Right side fresh cow topography– 14 mins – Please note, this is a freshly euthanized animal at necropsy, and the sequence of intestine segments is not presented in its entirety. This video has some embedded quizzes. Please let Lindsey know how you like this feature.
These videos were produced in 2020:
- Equine GIT review Sp20, 21 mins
- Goat GIT review Sp20, 13 mins
- Pig GIT review Sp20, 9 mins
The below is a list of videos snipped from much longer combined species versions that were produced in 2017. Some terms mentioned we no longer focus on and use your current Abdomen Lab Guide terms list to direct your knowledge base.
- Abdomen.topog.Goat.Sp17 – 11 mins
- Abdomen.topog.Calf.Sp17 – 10 mins
- Abdomen.topog.Pig.Sp17 – 7 mins
- Abdomen.GITrace.Horse.Sp17 – 43 mins
- Abdomen.GITrace.Goat.Sp17 – 23 mins
- Abdomen.GITrace.Calf.Sp17 – 22 mins
- Abdomen.GITrace.Pig.Sp17 – 20 mins
- Livers.epitable.Sp17 – 19 mins, and note, no need to identify liver hilus structures (vessels, bile duct), which are covered in some detail in this video.
Key Terms
Lab 10:
| Term | Species/Notes |
| Flank | Goat and ox |
| Paralumbar fossa | Goat and ox |
| Flank fold | Goat and ox |
| Peritoneum | Understand the different types of peritoneum on a conceptual level |
| Parietal peritoneum | |
| Visceral peritoneum | |
| Connecting peritoneum | |
| Falciform ligament | Identify on ventral body wall of goat and calf |
| Greater omentum | Ruminant |
| Superficial wall | |
| Deep wall | |
| Omental bursa | |
| Supraomental recess | |
| Caudal fold | |
| Epiploic foramen | All |
| Gastrosplenic ligament | All |
| Ruminant stomach | All of the following will be identified in the stomach of the ox and goat |
| Rumen | |
| Dorsal sac | |
| Ventral sac | |
| Cranial sac | |
| Caudodorsal blind sac | |
| Caudoventral blind sac | |
| Recess of rumen | |
| Cranial groove and pillar | Groove = external feature; pillar = internal feature |
| Caudal groove and pillar | |
| Left longitudinal groove and pillar | |
| Right longitudinal groove and pillar | |
| Dorsal coronary groove and pillar | |
| Ventral coronary groove and pillar | |
| Rumenoreticular groove and fold | Fold = internal structure associated with rumenoreticular groove |
| Ruminal papillae | Mucosal structure of the rumen |
| Reticulum | |
| Rumenoreticulum | Combined rumen and reticulum |
| Rumenoreticular opening | |
| Reticular groove | |
| Cardia | |
| Reticular mucosa | Characteristic “honeycomb” appearance |
| Omasum | |
| Omasal lamina | Mucosal structure of the omasum |
| Abomasum | |
| Greater curvature | |
| Lesser curvature | |
| Spiral folds | Mucosal structure of the abomasum |
| Torus pyloricus | |
| Equine stomach | All of the following will be identified in the horse’s stomach |
| Glandular and non-glandular (aka, “squamous”) portions | |
| Saccus cecus | = fundus in the horse stomach |
| Cardiac sphincter | |
| Margo plicatus | Ridge between glandular and non-glandular portions |
| Body | |
| Pyloric part | |
| Pyloric sphincter | |
| Greater curvature | |
| Lesser curvature | |
| Pig stomach | All of the following will be identified in the pig stomach |
| Gastric diverticulum | |
| Pars cardiaca/Pars esophagea | = squamous or non-glandular region of stomach |
| Body | |
| Fundus | |
| Torus pyloricus | |
| Pyloric sphincter | |
| Glandular region | |
| Greater curvature | |
| Lesser curvature |
Lab 12:
| Term | Species/Notes |
| Duodenum | All |
| Cranial duodenum | Ruminant |
| Sigmoid flexure of duodenum | Ruminant |
| Mesoduodenum | All; mesentery of the duodenum |
| Descending duodenum | All |
| Caudal duodenal flexure | All |
| Ascending duodenum | All |
| Duodenojejunal flexure | All |
| Duodenocolic fold | Horse |
| Jejunum | All |
| Mesojejunum | All; mesentery of the jejunum |
| Jejunoileal flange | Ruminant |
| Jejunal lymph nodes | Ruminant |
| Root of mesentery | Surrounds the cranial mesenteric a. |
| Ileum | All |
| Ileocecal fold | All |
| Ileocecal orifice | Horse |
| Ileocecocolic junction/orifice | Ruminant, pig |
| Cecum | All |
| Base of cecum | Horse |
| Body of cecum | Horse |
| Apex of cecum | Horse |
| Cupula | Horse |
| Cecocolic orifice | Horse |
| Haustra | All |
| Tenia | All |
| Cecocolic fold | Horse |
| Ascending colon | |
| Right ventral colon | Horse |
| Sternal flexure | Horse |
| Left ventral colon | Horse |
| Pelvic flexure | Horse |
| Left dorsal colon | Horse |
| Diaphragmatic flexure | Horse |
| Right dorsal colon | Horse |
| Transverse colon | All |
| Mesocolon | All; mesentery of the colon |
| Proximal loop | Ruminant |
| Spiral colon | Ruminant, pig |
| Centripetal coils | Ruminant, pig |
| Central flexure | Ruminant, pig |
| Centrifugal coils | Ruminant, pig |
| Distal loop | Ruminant, pig |
| Descending colon | All |
Lab 13:
| Term | Species/Notes |
| Liver | All |
| Right lobe | All |
| Left lobe | All |
| Quadrate lobe | All |
| Caudate lobe | All |
| Papillary process | Ruminant |
| Caudate process | All |
| Round ligament | All |
| Gallbladder | Ruminant, pig |
| Caudal vena cava | All |
| Pancreas | All |
| Spleen | All |
| Nephrosplenic ligament | Horse |
| Gastrosplenic ligament | Horse |
| Abdominal topography | Be able to recognize what we should expect to find on the left and right sides of each species |