Key Terms

• acetoacetic ester synthesis
• α-substitution reaction
• decarboxylation
• enol
• enolate ion
• malonic ester synthesis
• tautomer

Summary of Reactions 22 • Summary of Reactions 22 • Summary of Reactions

• Aldehyde/ketone halogenation (Section 22.3)

• Hell–Volhard–Zelinskii bromination of acids (Section 22.4)

• Dehydrobromination of α-bromo ketones (Section 22.3)

• Haloform reaction (Section 22.6)

• Alkylation of enolate ions (Section 22.7)
• Malonic ester synthesis

• Acetoacetic ester synthesis

• Direct alkylation of ketones

• Direct alkylation of esters

• Direct alkylation of nitriles